Hypersonics – from Shock Waves to Scramjets

Course
en
English
16 h
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  • Self-paced
  • Free Access
  • Fee-based Certificate
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  • 4 Sequences
  • Advanced Level

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Course details

Syllabus

Section 1. What is Hypersonics?
This section provides an introduction to the course. What we mean by "hypersonic speeds" is discussed and examples of vehicles that travel at such speeds are given. Shock waves and scramjets are also introduced. The rocket equation is introduced to show why staging of launch vehicles is used. The scramjet engine arrangement used throughout the course is outlined.

Section 2. Isentropic Flow
The times when a flow can be considered to be "isentropic" are introduced. This leads on to the fundamentals of compressible flow and steady adiabatic flows. We use the flow in a scramjet nozzle to demonstrate the principles.

Section 3. Shock Waves
Normal and oblique shock waves form when objects travel at close to, or in excess of, the speed of sound. In this section, methods for modelling the flow across shock waves are presented and discussed. Results from experiments are used to show the influence of flow deflection angle on the shock wave formed at hypersonic speeds. We use the flow in a scramjet intake to demonstrate the principles.

Section 4. Combustors in Scramjets
Flows with friction, heat addition and stoichiometry are important considerations for scramjet combustors. In this section example problems are worked through to show the importance of friction and heat addition to fluid flow at different Mach numbers. Stoichiometric concepts are developed so that the use of different fuels can be modelled.

Section 5. Hypersonics
This section looks at hypersonic flight, flight corridors and vehicle design. Hypersonics facilities, such as reflected shock tunnels and expansion tubes, are described since these are used to test scientific hypotheses related to hypersonic flight.

Section 6. Scramjets
This section describes the state of scramjet technology as it exists today, examines the history of scramjets and then looks at future possibilities of scramjet technology. The overall thrust of an air breathing engine is calculated.

Section 7. Project
In the final section, students are required to analyse the flow through an engine and determine the Specific Impulse for their own scramjet design.

Prerequisite

This is an open course and anyone can choose to participate and learn about hypersonics. If, however, you want to delve into the field deeply, it is recommended that you have a good understanding of introductory concepts in Calculus, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics. These will enable you to fully participate in the course, particularly the assessment tasks. The following online courses could be useful for you to access before you start to get yourself up to speed:

  • Differential Equations (MIT Opencourse): Unit 1: Basic DE's, Linear ODE's, Integrating Factors
  • Calculus with Applications (MIT Opencourse): Any calculus related math required for our course
  • Thermodynamics and Kinetics (MIT Opencourse): Look up lecture notes to cover basic introductory thermodynamics

Instructors

Professor David J. Mee
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
The University of Queensland

Professor Richard G. Morgan
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
The University of Queensland

Professor Michael Smart
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
The University of Queensland

Associate Professor Vincent Wheatley
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
The University of Queensland

Dr Anand Veeraragavan
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering
The University of Queensland

Editor

The University of Queensland is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the Queensland Parliament, UQ is one of six sandstone universities, an informal designation of the oldest university in each state. 

Combining the three world rankings of the most established universities in 2023, the University of Queensland is ranked 2nd in Australia and 42nd in the world. UQ is also a founding member of edX, Australia's leading group of eight and the international research-intensive association of Pacific universities.

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